Cancer is benign or malignant

Published19 Jan Abstract The noninvasive diagnosis of the malignant tumors is an important issue in research nowadays. Our purpose is to elaborate computerized, cancer is benign or malignant methods for performing computer-aided characterization and automatic diagnosis of these tumors, using only the information from ultrasound images.

In this paper, we considered some of the most frequent abdominal malignant tumors: the hepatocellular carcinoma and the colonic tumors. We compared these structures with the benign tumors and with other visually similar diseases.

• And they think it might be malignant.
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Besides the textural features that proved in our previous research to be useful in the characterization and recognition of the malignant tumors, we improved our method by using the grey level cooccurrence matrix and the edge orientation cooccurrence matrix of superior order. As resulted from our experiments, the new textural features increased the malignant tumor classification performance, also revealing visual and physical properties of these structures that emphasized the complex, chaotic structure of the corresponding tissue.

And they think it might be malignant.

The colorectal tumors also represent a frequent disease for the population of the developed countries. The golden standard for cancer diagnosis is the biopsy, but this is an invasive, dangerous method that can lead to the spread of the tumor inside the human body.

Cancer cells benign malignant - eng2ro.ro

A non-invasive, subtle analysis is due, in order to detect the cancer in early evolution stages, when the tumor can be surgically removed. We perform this study by using computerized methods applied on ultrasound images. Other types of image acquisition techniques, such as computer tomography CTmagnetic resonance imaging MRIand endoscopy are considered invasive or expensive.

The texture is an important feature, as it provides subtle information concerning the pathological state of the tissue, overcoming the accuracy of the human perception, through the statistical and multiresolution approaches. The texture-based methods in combination with classifiers were widely used in the domain of malignant tumor characterization and recognition from medical images.

In [ 2 ], Raeth used the textural features in order to distinguish the normal liver from the diffuse liver diseases and from the malignant liver tumors.

Cancer benign and malignant cells

The features derived from the second-order grey levels cooccurrence matrix, from the edge cooccurrence matrix, as well as other edge and gradient-based features, speckle noise distribution parameters, and the Fourier power spectrum, provided satisfying results concerning the differentiation between the tumoral and nontumoral tissue.

In [ 3 ] the authors computed the first-order statistics the mean grey level and the grey level variancethe second-order grey level cooccurrence matrix parameters and run-length matrix parameters which were used in combination with an artificial neural networks based classifier, as well as with a classifier based on linear discriminants in order to differentiate the malignant liver tumors from hemangioma and from the normal liver.

The resulted recognition rate was The wavelet transform was also implemented [ 4 baie de vierme, in order comisioane pentru viermi perform a multi-resolution analysis of the textural features.

In [ 5 ] the authors analyzed the fluorescent images of the colonic tissue based on textural parameters derived from the second order grey level cooccurrence matrix GLCMin order to distinguish the colonic healthy mucosa versus adenocarcinoma.

Traducere "benign tumor" în română

However, a systematic study concerning the most relevant textural features that best characterize the malignant tumors and of the most appropriate methods that lead to an increased diagnosis accuracy is not done. We perform this in our work by building the imagistic textural model of cancer is benign or malignant malignant tumors. We previously defined the imagistic textural model of the malignant tumors [ 6 ], consisting in the most relevant textural features able to separate the HCC tumor from the visually similar tissues cirrhotic parenchyma, benign tumorstogether with their specific values mean, standard deviation, and probability distribution.

In this work, we analyzed new methods for textural features computation, based on the superior order grey level cooccurrence matrix GLCM [ 7 ], respectively on the superior order edge orientation cooccurrence matrix EOCMthe purpose being to improve the characterization of the abdominal malignant tumors, and to increase the automatic diagnosis accuracy.

In this way, we expect to get a more subtle evaluation procedure than in the case of using the other textural features. The third-order GLCM was experimented for the analysis of the trabecular bones in proximal femur radiographs [ 8 ], as well as for crop classification [ 9 ], but it was never implemented for tumor characterization and recognition. There are no important realizations in the image analysis domain involving the fifth-order GLCM matrix.

The second order EOCM was implemented by Raeth in [ 2 ] for malignant leac puternic pentru paraziți contour characterization and provided satisfying results in this domain. The third order EOCM was not previously implemented.

[Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery--Our Initial Experience]

Thus, we analyzed the role that the second- third- and fifth-order GLCM, respectively, the second- and third-order EOCM have, concerning both the subtle characterization of HCC and colonic tumor tissue, as well as the automatic diagnosis of these types of cancer. Extended Haralick features were defined for the characterization of the tumor texture, and the best orientations of the corresponding displacement vectors were determined in both cases of the superior order GLCM and EOCM.

The edge orientation variability feature was also defined in order to characterize the complex structure of the tumor tissue. The malignant tumors were compared with visually similar tissues. The HCC tumor was compared with the cirrhotic liver parenchyma on which it had evolved and with the benign liver tumors. The colonic tumors were compared with the inflammatory bowel diseases IBDas they share, in ultrasound images, many visual characteristics with these affections.

The assessment of the relevant viermele parazite features for the characterization of cancer is benign or malignant malignant tumors was also performed, through specific methods such as the correlation-based feature selection CFS [ 10 ] and through the evaluation of the individual attributes based on their information gain with respect to the class [ 10 ].

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Powerful classifiers that gave the best results in our former experiments [ 6 ], such as the multilayer perceptron [ 11 ] and the support vector machines SVM [ 11 ], as well as the AdaBoost combination scheme [ 11 ], were adopted for the evaluation of the textural model and of the recognition accuracy. The correlation of the textural features with the internal structure and with the properties of the tumor tissue was also discussed. Materials and Methods 2.

1. Papilloma virus esami da fare
2. Benign cancer on face, Translation of "benign growth" in Romanian
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4. benign tumor - Traducere în română - exemple în engleză | Reverso Context
5. Tumori benigne vs. Tumori maligne - Cancer
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8. Singurul pericol real care trebuie urmărit la tumorile benigne este prezența celulelor pre-maligne.

Materials and Working Methodology In our study, mainly the patients suffering from HCC and colonic tumors were taken into consideration. Patients affected by benign liver tumors such as hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia FNH were also considered, being known that these tumors have a similar visual aspect with HCC in many situations. Subjects suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases IBD were taken into account as well, because these affections provided a similar visual aspect of the bowel walls like those provided by the colorectal tumors.

All these patients were cancer is benign or malignant biopsied. For each patient, multiple images were acquired, corresponding to various orientations of the transducer, using the same settings of the ultrasound machine. The same number of images was considered for each patient, as described in the experimental section.

Traducere "malignant" în română

B-mode ultrasonography was used, in order to preserve the textural properties of the tissues. Rectangular regions of interest were selected inside the tumors, on the liver tissue, or on the bowel wall, in areas which were not affected by artifacts. Then, the imagistic textural model of the malignant tumors was built according to the steps below, and the role of the new derived textural features in improving the accuracy of cancer is benign or malignant malignant tumor characterization and recognition performance was analyzed.

The Imagistic Textural Model of the Malignant Tumors and the Phases Due for Model Building The imagistic textural model of HCC consists of the set of relevant, independent textural features, able to distinguish this tumor from the cirrhotic liver parenchyma and from the benign tumors.

The specific, statistical values of the textural features—mean, standard deviation, and probability distribution—are part of the model. The mathematical description of the imagistic textural model is given below. Let be the space of the potentially relevant textural features, containing a number of such features: The features from are considered in their initial representation, as they appear after applying the image analysis methods. We define as being the transformed feature space, obtained from the initial feature space,after applying dimensionality reduction methods—mainly feature selection techniques [ 10 ].

The imagistic textural model of the tumor TM consists of a collection of vectorsassociated with each relevant textural featurecontaining the specific values that characterize each analyzed class: The vectors of the imagistic textural model are composed by the specific parameters described by 3where mean the arithmetic mean value and standard deviation are real numbers; the Relevance, represented by an integer, quantifies the importance that the considered textural feature has in the differentiation between HCC and other kinds of tissues.

Cancer is benign or malignant order to generate a reliable imagistic textural model, first, the image selection for the training set building is due. For each considered type of tissue, a corresponding class is built. Then, an image analysis phase is necessary: the textural feature computation using specific methods for texture analysis is involved in this process. The values of the textural features are stored in the database and used for further evaluations.

The learning phase is essential in cancer is benign or malignant to perform cancer is benign or malignant relevant feature selection, to eliminate the redundant features and to determine the specific, statistical values, and the corresponding probability distributions.

Dimensionality reduction methods consisting of feature selection [ 10 ] and feature extraction techniques [ 11 ] are implemented in this phase.

[Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery--Our Initial Experience] - PubMed

At the end, a validation phase is necessary, involving the evaluation of the generated model by providing the relevant features at the classifiers inputs and estimating the accuracy of each classifier. A new test set of images, different from the training set, is used in this phase.

The phases due in order to build the imagistic textural model are described below. Training Set Building For each patient, three to five images were considered. On each image, rectangular regions of program de tratament cu paraziti were selected on each type of tissue, inside HCC and the colonic tumors, respectively, on the cirrhotic parenchyma on which HCC evolved, as well as inside the benign liver tumors and on the superior part of the bowel wall affected by inflammatory bowel diseases.

Traducere "benign tumor" în română

Pairs of classes were considered, and then the classes were combined in equal proportions inside cancer is benign or malignant training set. The potentially relevant textural features were determined on the regions of interest, using specific methods for texture analysis, and the cancer is benign or malignant values were stored. An instance of the training set consisted of the values of the considered textural features, computed inside paraziți în piele certain region of interest, followed by the class specification.